Fluoro (poly) ether group-containing silane compound

ABSTRACT

A fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2). In the formulae, PFPE is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by the formula: —(OC3F6)d—, wherein the repeating unit OC3F6 of the formula includes a branched structure, and d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less. The symbols are as defined in the description.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound.

BACKGROUND ART

Certain fluorine-containing silane compounds are known to be able to provide excellent water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property, or the like when used for a surface treatment of a base material. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a surface treatment composition containing a perfluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound having a perfluoro(poly)ether group in the molecular backbone and having a hydrolyzable group bonded to a Si atom at its molecular end or end portion.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-221888

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

A layer formed of the surface treatment composition (surface-treating agent) as described above (sometimes referred to as a surface-treating layer) is sometimes required to have durability against ultraviolet rays (UV) (sometimes referred to as “ultraviolet durability” or “UV durability”).

The present disclosure relates to a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “PFPE-containing silane compound”) that can contribute to the formation of a surface-treating layer having good UV durability.

Solution to Problem

According to the present disclosure, the following embodiments are provided:

Embodiment 1

A fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2):

wherein:

PFPE is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by the formula:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃X^(F) ₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—

and having at least one branched structure,

-   -   wherein a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer         of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and         f is at least 1, and the occurrence order of the respective         repeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e, or f is         arbitrary in the formula, and X^(F) is each independently at         each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine         atom;

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

X¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group;

α is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 9;

α′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9;

R¹¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;

R¹² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

X² each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R¹³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R¹⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms;

n independently represents an integer of 0 to 3 or more for each (—SiR¹³ _(n)R¹⁴ _(3-n)) unit;

t is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 2 to 10;

in the formulae (A1) and (A2), there are at least two SiR¹³;

X³ each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group;

β is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 9;

β′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9;

R^(a) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1);

Z³ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R⁷¹ each independently at each occurrence represents R^(a′);

R^(a′) is as defined for R^(a);

in R^(a), the number of Si atoms which are linearly linked via the Z³ group is up to five;

R⁷² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R⁷³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

p1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

q1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

in each (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)), the sum of p1, q1, and r1 is 3;

R^(b) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R^(c) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

k1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

l₁ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

m1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

in each (SiR^(a) _(k1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)), the sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3, and in the formulae (B1) and (B2), there are at least two Si atoms bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

X⁵ each independently represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group;

γ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9;

γ′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9;

R^(d) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2);

Z⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R⁸¹ each independently at each occurrence represents R^(d′);

R^(d′) is as defined for R^(d);

in R^(d), the number of C atoms which are linearly linked via the Z⁴ group is up to five;

R⁸² each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2);

Y each independently at each occurrence represents a divalent organic group;

R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R⁸⁶ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

n2 independently represents an integer of 0 to 3 for each (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit;

R⁸³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group;

p2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

q2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

r2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

in each (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)), the sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3;

R^(e) each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2);

R^(f) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group;

k2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

l2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3;

m2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and

in each (CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)), the sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3, and in the formulae (C1) and (C2), there are at least two groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵;

Embodiment 2

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to [Embodiment 1], wherein X^(F) is a fluorine atom;

Embodiment 3

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to [Embodiment 1] or [Embodiment 2], wherein PFPE is represented by the formula: —(OC₃F₆)_(d)—, the repeating unit OC₃F₆ of the formula has a branched structure, and d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

Embodiment 4

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 3], wherein PFPE is represented by the formula:—(OC₃F₆)_(d)—,

the repeating unit OC₃F₆ of the formula is represented by OCF(CF₃)CF₂, and

d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

Embodiment 5

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 4], wherein α, α′, β, β′, γ, and γ′ are 1;

Embodiment 61

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 5], wherein X¹, X³, and X⁵ are each independently at each occurrence any of

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group,

wherein:

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence, a C₁₋₆ alkylene group; and

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5;

Embodiment 7

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 6], wherein k1 is 2 or 3 and q1 is 2 or 3.

Embodiment 8

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 7], wherein l2 is 2 or 3 and n2 is 2 or 3.

Embodiment 91

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 8], which is represented by the formula (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2);

Embodiment 10

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 9], which is represented by the formula (B1);

Embodiment 11

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 9], which is represented by the formula (C1) or (C2);

Embodiment 12

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 9] or [Embodiment 11], which is represented by the formula (C1);

Embodiment 13

The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 12], wherein R⁸³ and R^(f) are each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

Embodiment 14

A surface-treating agent comprising the fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to any one of [Embodiment 1] to [Embodiment 13];

Embodiment 15

The surface-treating agent according to [Embodiment 14], further comprising a solvent.

Embodiment 16

The surface-treating agent according to [Embodiment 14] or [Embodiment 15], further comprising:

one or more other components selected from a fluorine-containing oil, a silicone oil, an alcohol, a catalyst, a transition metal, a halide ion, and a compound containing an atom with an unshared electron pair in a molecular structure;

Embodiment 17

The surface-treating agent according to any one of [Embodiment 14] to [Embodiment 16], which is used as an antifouling coating agent or a waterproof coating agent;

Embodiment 18

A pellet comprising the surface-treating agent according to any one of [Embodiment 14] to [Embodiment 17];

Embodiment 19

An article comprising:

a base material; and

a layer on a surface of the base material, the layer being formed of the surface-treating agent according to any one of [Embodiment 14] to [Embodiment 18];

Embodiment 20

An article having a contact angle of water on a surface of 100 degrees or more,

-   -   wherein a ratio of a contact angle of water after irradiation to         the contact angle is 83% or more, and

the contact angle of water after irradiation is a contact angle on the surface after irradiation with ultraviolet rays of 310 nm at an illumination intensity of 0.63 W/m² for 96 hours;

Embodiment 21

A method for producing the fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) according to [Embodiment 1], the method comprising the following step (3):

(3) reacting a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

wherein:

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

PFPE is represented by (—OCF(CF₃)CF₂-)_(d);

d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; and

Y¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group, with HSiM′₃,

wherein:

M′ is each independently a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,

and, optionally,

a compound represented by the formula: R⁸⁵ _(i)L′

wherein:

R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

L′ represents a group capable of binding to R⁸⁵; and

i is an integer of 1 to 3,

and/or

a compound represented by the formula: R^(86′) _(j)L″ wherein:

R^(86′) each independently at each occurrence represents a C₁₋₂₂ alkyl group;

L″ represents a group capable of binding to R^(86′); and

j is an integer of 1 to 3,

Embodiment 221

The method for producing the fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) according to [Embodiment 1], the method further comprising the following steps (1) and (2):

(1) reacting a compound represented by the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1):

Rf-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c1-1)

HOC(O)—X¹⁰-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c2-1)

wherein:

Rf, PFPE, and X¹⁰ are as defined in [Embodiment 21],

with SOM₂,

wherein: M is each independently at each occurrence a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom,

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2):

wherein:

Rf, PFPE, and X¹⁰ are as defined in [Embodiment 21]; and

M is as defined above; and

(2) reacting the compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2) with a compound represented by the formula:

HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃,

wherein R³⁴, X¹, and Y¹¹ are as defined in [Embodiment 21],

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

wherein Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, R³⁴, and X¹¹ are as defined in [Embodiment 21];

Embodiment 23

A compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or (c2-2):

wherein:

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

PFPE is represented by (—OCF(CF₃)CF₂-)_(d);

d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; and

M is each independently at each occurrence a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom; and

Embodiment 24

A compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or (c2-3):

wherein:

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

PFPE is represented by (—OCF(CF₃)CF₂-)_(d);

d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; and

Y¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a PFPE-containing silane compound that can contribute to the formation of a surface-treating layer having good UV durability.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The “2 to 10 valent organic group” as used herein refers to a 2 to 10 valent group containing a carbon atom. Examples of the 2 to 10 valent organic group include, but are not limited to, a 2 to 10 valent group obtained by removing 1 to 9 hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon group. Examples of the divalent organic group include, but are not limited to, a divalent group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon group.

The “hydrocarbon group” as used herein refers to a group containing a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom which is obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from the molecule. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include, but are not limited to, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be saturated or unsaturated. The hydrocarbon group may contain one or more ring structures. It is noted that the hydrocarbon group may have one or more N, O, S, Si, amide, sulfonyl, siloxane, carbonyl, carbonyloxy, or the like at the end or in the molecular chain thereof.

As used herein, examples of the substituent of the “hydrocarbon group” include, but are not limited to, a halogen atom; and one or more groups selected from a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-10 unsaturated cycloalkyl group, a 5 to 10 membered heterocyclyl group, a 5 to 10 membered unsaturated heterocyclyl group, a C6-o aryl group, and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl group, which are optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms.

The alkyl group and the phenyl group herein are optionally unsubstituted or substituted unless otherwise specified. Examples of the substituent for such groups include, but are not limited to, one or more groups selected from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.

The alkylene group herein refers to a group having a —(C_(δ)H_(2δ))— structure, and is optionally substituted or unsubstituted, and may be linear or branched unless otherwise specified.

The PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure will be described below.

Formulae (A1) and (A2):

In the formula, Rf independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms.

The “alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms” in the alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms may be linear or branched, and preferably is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Rf is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group.

The perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and preferably is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, specifically —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, or —CF₂CF₂CF₃.

In the formula, PFPE is independently at each occurrence a group represented by:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃X^(F) ₆)_(d)— (OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—

and has at least one branched structure in PFPE. That is, the PFPE has at least one CF₃ end (specifically, —CF₃, —C₂F₅, etc., more specifically —CF₃). In the formula (A1), in the PFPE, the oxygen atom at the left end of the formula is bonded to the Rf group, and the carbon atom at the right end of the formula is bonded to the X¹ group. By having the PFPE having such a structure, the layer (for example, surface-treating layer) formed by using a PFPE-containing silane compound (or a surface-treating agent containing a PFPE-containing silane compound) can be further improved in UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, an effect of suppressing lubricity, high friction durability, heat resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like.

X^(F) is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom, preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.

In the formula, a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is at least 1. Preferably, a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 100 or less. Preferably, the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 5 or more, and more preferably 10 or more. Preferably, the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, for example, 10 or more and 200 or less, and more specifically 10 or more and 100 or less. The occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e, or f is arbitrary in the formula.

The PFPE structure preferably has at least 5 branched structures, more preferably 10 branched structures, and particularly preferably 20 branched structures.

In the PFPE structure, the number of repeating units having a branched structure is preferably 40 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and particularly preferably 80 or more, with respect to the total number of repeating units (for example, the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f) of 100. In the PFPE structure, the number of repeating units having a branched structure may be 100 or less, for example, 90 or less, with respect to the total number of repeating units of 100.

In the PFPE structure, the number of repeating units having a branched structure is preferably in the range of 40 to 100, more preferably in the range of 60 to 100, and particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 100, with respect to the total number of repeating units of 100.

Examples of the branched chain in the branched structure include CF₃.

As the repeating unit having a branched structure, examples of —(OC₆F₁₂)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₅F₁₀)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₄F₈)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—. Examples of —(OC₃F₆)— (i.e., in the formula, X^(F) is a fluorine atom) include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)—and —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₂F₄)— include —(OCF(CF₃))—.

The PFPE may include a linear repeating unit as well as the repeating units having a branched structure. Examples of the linear repeating unit include —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂)—.

Preferably, in the PFPE, the repeating units —(OC₆F₁₂)—, —(OC₅F₁₀)—, —(OC₄F₈)—, and —(OC₃F₆)— have a branched structure.

More preferably, the PFPE consists of repeating units OC₆F₁₂, OC₅F₁₀, OC₄F₈, and OC₃F₆ having a branched structure.

In one embodiment, the PFPE is —(OC₃F₆)_(d)— (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less), and has at least one branched structure in PFPE.

In this embodiment, the PFPE may further contain a linear repeating unit —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—.

In the embodiment, the PFPE preferably consists of repeating units OC₃F₆ having a branched structure. The PFPE is more preferably represented by the formula: —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))_(d). In the formula, d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less.

In another embodiment, PFPE is —(OC₄F₈)_(c)— (OC₃F₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)— (wherein c and d are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, e and f are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less, the sum of c, d, e, and f is at least 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript c, d, e, or f is arbitrary in the formula) and has at least one branched structure in PFPE.

In yet another embodiment, PFPE is a group represented by —(R⁶—R⁷)_(j)— and has at least one branched structure in PFPE. In the formula, R⁶ is OCF₂ or OC₂F₄, and preferably OC₂F₄. In the formula, R⁷ is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups. Preferably, R⁷ is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈, or is a group selected from OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups, and more preferably a group selected from OC₃F₆ and OC₄F₈. Examples of the combination of two or three groups independently selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈ include, but are not limited to, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₃F₆—, —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, and —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—, j is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, and more preferably 5 or more, and is an integer of 100 or less, and preferably 50 or less. In the formula, OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂ preferably have a branched structure.

More preferably, in the embodiment, PFPE consists of repeating units OC₆F₁₂, OC₅F₁₀, OC₄F₈, and OC₃F₆ having a branched structure.

In the formula, R¹³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

As used herein, the “hydrolyzable group” refers to a group capable of undergoing a hydrolysis reaction, that is, a group capable of being removed from the main backbone of compound by a hydrolysis reaction. Examples of the hydrolyzable group include —OR, —OCOR, —O—N═CR₂, —NR₂, —NHR, halogen (wherein R is a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), preferably —OR (i.e., an alkoxy group). Examples of R include a non-substituted alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and a substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group. Among them, an alkyl group, in particular a non-substituted alkyl group is preferred, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferred. The hydroxyl group may be, but is not limited to, a group generated by hydrolysis of a hydrolyzable group.

In the formula, R¹⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

In the formula, R¹¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. The halogen atom is preferably an iodine atom, a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.

In the formula, R¹² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.

In the formula, n is independently an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 3 for each (—SiR¹³ _(n)R¹⁴ _(3-n)) unit. In the formula (A1) or (A2), at least two n are 1 or more. In other words, there are at least two SiR¹³ in the formulae (A1) and (A2).

Preferably, in the formulae (A1) and (A2), n is 2 or 3, and more preferably n is 3. In other words, in the formulae (A1) and (A2), the Si atom is preferably present as —SiR¹³ ₂R¹⁴ or —SiR¹³ ₃ and more preferably present as —SiR¹³ ₃.

In the formula, X¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group. X¹ is recognized to be a linker which connects between a fluoropolyether moiety (i.e., an Rf-PFPE moiety or -PFPE- moiety) providing mainly water-repellency, surface lubricity and the like and a silane moiety (i.e., a group in parentheses with α) providing an ability to bind to a base material in the compound represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2). Therefore, X¹ may be a single bond or any organic group as long as the compound represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) can stably exist. In the present specification, in the group described as X¹, the left side of the group is bonded to the group represented by PFPE, and the right side thereof is bonded to the group in parentheses with α.

In the formula, a is an integer of 1 to 9, and α′ is an integer of 1 to 9. These α and α′ may vary depending on the valence number of X¹. In the formula (A1), the sum of α and α′ is the same as the valence number of X¹. For example, when X¹ is a 10 valent organic group, the sum of α and α′ is 10, for example, α and α′ may be 9 and 1, α and α′ may be 5 and 5, or α and α′ may be 1 and 9. When X¹ is a divalent organic group, α and α′ are 1. In the formula (A2), a is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence number of X¹.

In one embodiment, X¹ is each independently at each occurrence a 2 to 10 valent organic group containing —CON(R³⁴)—, C₁₋₆ alkylene group, or OR³⁵.

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom.

R³⁵ is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

In one embodiment, X¹ may be, for example, a divalent group represented by the following formula:

—(R³¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)

wherein:

R³¹ represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_(s′)— which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, and preferably —(CH₂)_(s′)-which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms,

s′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and still more preferably 1 or 2,

X^(a) represents —(X^(b))_(1′)—,

X^(b) each independently at each occurrence represents a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —(OR³⁵)_(n4)—, —S—, an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, —C(O)O—, —Si(R³³)₂—, —(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—, —CON(R³⁴)—, —O—CON(R³⁴)—, —N(R³⁴)—, and —(CH₂)_(n′)—,

R³³ each independently at each occurrence represents a phenyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a phenyl group or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group,

R³⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom,

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group,

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1,

m′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 100, and preferably an integer of 1 to 20,

n′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,

l′ is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,

p′ is 0 or 1,

q′ is 0 or 1, and

at least one of p′ and q′ is 1, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with p′ or q′ is arbitrary in the formula.

Here, R³¹ and X^(a) (typically, a hydrogen atom in R³¹ and X^(a)) are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group.

In one embodiment, 1′ is 1.

Preferably, X¹ is —(R³¹)_(p′)— (X^(a))_(q′)—R³²—. R³² represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_(t′)— or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, and preferably —(CH₂)_(t′)—. t′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 3. Here, R³² (typically, a hydrogen atom in R³²) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group.

Examples of X¹ include, but are not limited to, the following structure:

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, and

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

When X¹ has the above structure, hydrolysis resistance, friction durability, chemical resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like of the layer formed of the PFPE-containing silane compound is further improved.

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, and more preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—.

In one embodiment, X¹⁰ is a single bond or —R³⁶—, and more preferably a single bond.

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. The alkylene group may be linear or may have a branched structure.

In one embodiment, the alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in X¹⁰ is, for example, a C₁₋₃ perfluoroalkylene group, a C₃ fluoroalkylene group substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and more specifically a C₁₋₂ perfluoroalkylene group, and a C₁₋₂ fluoroalkylene group substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or a C₁₋₂ alkylene group having no substituent.

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group, and preferably a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms.

In one embodiment, X¹¹ is preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, still more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

The alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in X¹¹ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. The alkylene group may be linear or may have a branched structure.

More preferably, the alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms in X¹¹ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

R³⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom.

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁0.3 alkylene group.

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1.

In one embodiment, X¹ is

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, or

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formula:

R³⁴ is as defined above, and preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

X¹⁰ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is as defined above, and preferably a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and

X¹¹ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, still more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In the embodiment, X¹ is particularly preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—. In the formula, R³⁴, X¹⁰, and X¹¹ are as defined above.

In the embodiment, X¹⁰ is particularly preferably a single bond and X¹¹ is particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and X¹¹ is still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In one embodiment, X¹⁰ is a single bond and X¹¹ is a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and preferably, X¹¹ is a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In one embodiment, examples of X¹ include, but are not limited to, the following structure:

—X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, and

—X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formulae, X¹⁰, R³⁴, X¹¹, R³⁵, and n4 are as defined above.

In the formulae, X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group). The hydrogen atoms in X^(f) is optionally substituted, preferably substituted, by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group. X^(f) may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

Specific examples of X¹ include:

—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂— CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂OCH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂— C(O) NH— CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,

—(CH₂)₃—,

—(CH₂)₄—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—,

—CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CONH—,

—CF₂—CONH—CH₂—,

—CF₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—CH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,

—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,

—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—CON(Ph)-(CH₂)₃— (wherein Ph is phenyl),

—CON(Ph)-(CH₂)₆— (wherein Ph is phenyl),

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—CF₂—CON(Ph)-(CH₂)₃— (wherein Ph is phenyl),

—CF₂—CON(Ph)-(CH₂)₆— (wherein Ph is phenyl),

—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—CH₂—CON(CH₃)— (CH₂)₂—,

CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂O—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—,

—OCFHCF₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O— (CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O— (CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O— (CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—C₆H₄—, or

Examples of more preferred X¹ include:

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—CH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—,

—CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₂—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CONH—,

—CF₂—CONH—CH₂—,

—CF₂—CONH— (CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂OCH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,

—(CH₂)₃—,

—(CH₂)₆—

—CF₂—,

(CF₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—, and

—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—.

In yet another embodiment, examples of the X¹ group include the following groups:

wherein:

R⁴¹ is each independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, and preferably a methyl group; and

in each X¹ group, some of T are the following group which binds to PFPE of the main backbone:

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,

—(CH₂)₃—,

—(CH₂)₄—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃— (wherein Ph is phenyl), or

wherein R⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group, and more preferably a methyl group,

some of the other T are —(CH₂)_(n″)— (wherein n″ is an integer of 2 to 6) bonded to the group opposite to PFPE which is a main backbone, and the others T are each independently a methyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy or a radical scavenging group or a UV absorbing group, if present.

The radical scavenging group is not limited as long as it can trap a radical generated by light irradiation, and examples thereof include a residue of benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoic esters, phenyl salicylates, crotonic acids, malonic esters, organoacrylates, hindered amines, hindered phenols, or triazines.

The UV absorbing group is not limited as long as it can absorb ultraviolet rays, and examples thereof include residues of benzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid or salicylic acid compounds, acrylate or alkoxycinnamates, oxamides, oxanilides, benzoxazinones, and benzoxazoles.

In a preferred embodiment, examples of the radical scavenging group or the UV absorbing group include:

In this embodiment, X¹ (and X³ and X⁵ described below) may be a 3 to 10 valent organic group.

In the formula, X² each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a divalent organic group. X² is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably —(CH₂)_(u)— (wherein u is an integer of 0 to 2).

In the formula, t is each independently an integer of 2 to 10. In a preferred embodiment, t is an integer of 2 to 6.

In a preferred embodiment, in the formulae (A1) and (A2),

PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(a)—

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,         preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or         more and 200 or less);

X¹ is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by

—X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X^(f)—X¹⁰—(OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or

—X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group);

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

X² is —(CH₂)_(u)—; and

u is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 2.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) are compounds represented by the following formulae (A1′) and (A2′):

wherein:

PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less);

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

R¹³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R¹⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms;

R¹¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;

R¹² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

n is 2 or 3, and preferably 3;

X¹ is each independently at each occurrence —X¹⁰—CONH—X¹¹—, —X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹— (R³⁵ is a C₁₋₃ alkylene group; n4 is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1) or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group);

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

X² is —(CH₂)_(u)—;

u is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 2; and

t is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 2 to 10.

The number average molecular weight of the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) is, for example, but not limited to, 1,000 to 40,000, preferably 1,000 to 32,000, more preferably 1,000 to 20,000, and still more preferably 1,000 to 12,000. The number average molecular weight is a value measured by 19F-NMR and ¹H-NMR.

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 8,000, and preferably 1,000 to 4,000. By having such a number average molecular weight, a layer (for example, a surface-treating layer) formed by using the compound (or a surface-treating agent containing the compound) has particularly good slip suppression effect, abrasion resistance, and the like.

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) have a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3,000 or more and less than 6,000, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the compounds is 1.2 or less. The weight average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution are determined, for example, based on gel filtration chromatography (GPC) measurement.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) are compounds represented by the formula (A1), and more preferably compounds represented by the formula (A1′).

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) may be obtained, for example, by introducing a hydroxyl group in the end of a fluoropolyether derivative corresponding to the Rf-PFPE moiety as a raw material, and subjecting it to a Williamson reaction with a compound having an alkyl halide at the end thereof, or the like.

Formulae (B1) and (B2):

(Rf-PFPE)_(β′)—X³—(SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1))_(β)  (B1)

(R^(c) _(m1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(a) _(k)1Si)_(β)—X³-PFPE-X³—(SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1))_(β)  (B2)

In the formulae (B1) and (B2), Rf and PFPE are as defined for the formulae (A1) and (A2). Here, the “formula (A1)” is to be read as “formula (B1)” and the “X¹ group” is to be read as “X³ group”.

In the formula, X³ each independently represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group. X³ in the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) is recognized to be a linker which connects a fluoropolyether moiety (i.e., an Rf-PFPE moiety or -PFPE-moiety) providing mainly good UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, an effect of suppressing lubricity, high friction durability, heat resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like and a silane moiety (specifically, —SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1) group) providing an ability to bind to a base material. Therefore, X³ may be a single bond or any organic group as long as the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) can stably exist. In the present specification, in the structure described as X³, the left side of the structure is bonded to the group represented by PFPE, and the right side thereof is bonded to the group in parentheses with β.

In the formula, β is an integer of 1 to 9, and β′ is an integer of 1 to 9. These β and β′ may vary depending on the valence number of X³. In the formula (B1), the sum of β and β′ is the same as the valence number of X³. For example, when X³ is a 10 valent organic group, the sum of β and β′ is 10, for example, β and β′ may be 9 and 1, β and β′ may be 5 and 5, or β and β′ may be 1 and 9. When X³ is a divalent organic group, β and β′ are 1. In the formula (B2), β is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence number of X³.

X³ is preferably a 2 to 7 valent, more preferably a 2 to 4 valent, and still more preferably a divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X³ is a 2 to 4 valent organic group, β is 1 to 3, and β′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X³ is a divalent organic group, β is 1, and 3′ is 1. In this case, the formulae (B1) and (B2) are represented by the following formulae (B1′) and (B2′).

Rf-PFPE-X³—Si^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)  (B1′)

R^(c) _(m1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(a) _(k)1Si—X³-PFPE-X³—SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)  (B2′)

Examples of X³ include, but are not limited to, the same groups as those described for X¹.

Examples of preferred X³ include:

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X¹⁰—(OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹—, and

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group). In the formula, R³⁴, R³⁵, X¹⁰, X¹¹, and n4 are as defined above.

Specific examples of particularly preferred X³ include:

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—CH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—,

—CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,

—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂OCH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,

CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,

—(CH₂)₃—,

—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂— (CH₂)₄-,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—, and

—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—.

In a preferred embodiment, X³ is

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, or

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formula:

R³⁴ is as defined above, and preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

X¹⁰ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is as defined above, and preferably a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and

X¹¹ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, still more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In the embodiment, X³ is particularly preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—. In the formula, R³⁴, X¹⁰, and X¹¹ are as defined above.

In the embodiment, X¹⁰ is particularly preferably a single bond and X¹¹ is particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and X¹¹ is still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In one embodiment, examples of X³ include, but are not limited to, the following structure:

—X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, and

—X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formula, X^(f), X¹⁰, R³⁴, X¹¹, R³⁵, and n4 are as defined above.

In the formula, R^(a) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1).

In the formula, Z³ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group.

Z³ is preferably a divalent organic group, and does not include a group which forms a siloxane bond together with a Si atom (the Si atom binding to R^(a)) present in the end of the molecular backbone of the formula (B1) or the formula (B2).

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g)—O—(CH₂)_(h)— (wherein g is an integer of 1 to 6, h is an integer of 1 to 6) or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)— (wherein i is an integer of 0 to 6), more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group. These groups are optionally substituted by, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group. From the viewpoint of particularly good UV durability, Z³ is more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, and still more preferably a linear alkylene group. The number of carbon atoms constituting the alkylene group for Z³ is preferably in the range of 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3. The alkylene group is as described above.

In one embodiment, Z³ may be a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—. When Z³ is a group as described above, light resistance, especially ultraviolet resistance can be further increased. In the formula, i is an integer of 0 to 6.

In the embodiment, Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

In one embodiment,

X³ is preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹— or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and more preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—; and

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

R³⁴, X¹⁰, X¹¹, and i are as defined above.

In one embodiment,

X³ is preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹— or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and more preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—; and

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

In the formula:

R³⁴ is a hydrogen atom, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom;

X¹⁰ is a single bond, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

X¹¹ is a single bond or a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent; and

i is an integer of 0 to 6.

In the embodiment, X¹⁰ is particularly preferably a single bond and X¹¹ is particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and X¹¹ is still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent. X³ is more preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—.

In one embodiment,

X³ is a group represented by —X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—;

Z³ is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group. In the formula, X^(f), X¹⁰, X¹¹, R³⁵, and n4 are as defined above.

In the formula, R⁷¹ each independently at each occurrence represents R^(a′). R^(a′) is as defined for R^(a).

In R^(a), the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group is up to five. That is, in R^(a), when there is at least one R⁷¹, there are two or more Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a). The number of such Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group is up to five. It is noted that “the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a)” is equal to the repeating number of —Z³—Si— which are linearly connected in R^(a).

For example, one example in which Si atoms are connected via the Z³ group in R^(a) is shown below.

In the formula, * represents a position binding to Si of the main backbone, and . . . represents that a predetermined group other than Z³Si binds thereto, that is, all three bonds of the Si atom being . . . means the end point of the repeat of Z³Si. The number on the right shoulder of Si means the number of occurrences of Si which is linearly connected via the Z³ group from *. In other words, in the chain in which the repeat of Z³Si is completed at Si², “the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a)” is 2. Similarly, in the chain in which the repeat of Z³Si is completed at Si³, Si⁴ and Si⁵, “the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a)” is 3, 4, and 5, respectively. As seen from the formula, there are a plurality of Z³Si chains in R^(a), but they need not have the same length and may have arbitrary length.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown below, “the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a)” is 1 (left formula) or 2 (right formula) in all chains.

In one embodiment, the number of Si atoms which are linearly connected via the Z³ group in R^(a) is 1 or 2, and preferably 1.

In the formula, R⁷² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. The “hydrolyzable group” is as defined above.

R⁷² is preferably a hydrolyzable group, and more preferably —OR (wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group).

In the formula, R⁷³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.

In one embodiment, R⁷³ is a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is as defined above.

In the formula, p1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; q1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and r1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3. In each (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)), the sum of p1, q1, and r1 is 3, and in the formulae (B1) and (B2), there are at least two Si atoms bonded to the hydroxyl group or the hydrolyzable group. That is, in the formulae (B1) and (B2), there are at least two —SiR⁷² and/or —SiR^(b). By having such a structure, the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure can form a surface-treating layer capable of being favorably bonded to the surface of a base material or the like.

Preferably, in the formulae (B1) and (B2), there is —SiR⁷² ₂ (specifically, —SiR⁷² ₂R⁷³ or —SiR⁷² ₃) or —SiR^(b) ₂ (specifically, —SiR^(a)R^(b) ₂, —SiR^(b) ₂R^(c), or —SiR^(b) ₃).

In a preferred embodiment, in R^(a′) at the end of R^(a) (R^(a) when there is no R^(a′)), q1 is preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the ends in R^(a) may be —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂ (specifically, —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R⁷³) or —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, and preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃. Here, q1 is an integer of 1 or more, and preferably q1 is 2 or 3. Here, the sum of q1 and r1 is 3. In the formula, the unit (—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)) is preferably (—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃). In a still more preferred embodiment, all ends in R^(a) may be —Si(—Z³SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, and preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃.

In the formula, R^(b) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R^(b) is preferably a hydroxyl group, —OR, —OCOR, —O—N=C(R)₂, —N(R)₂, —NHR, halogen (wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and more preferably —OR. R includes an unsubstituted alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and a substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group. Among them, an alkyl group, in particular a non-substituted alkyl group is preferred, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferred. The hydroxyl group may be, but is not limited to, a group generated by hydrolysis of a hydrolyzable group. More preferably, R^(b) is —OR (wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group).

In the formula, R^(c) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.

In the formula, k1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; l1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and m1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3. In each (SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)), the sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3.

In one embodiment, k1 is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 3. In this embodiment, q1 is 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In one embodiment, preferably, k1 is an integer of 1 to 3 and q1 is 2 or 3, more preferably, k1 is 2 or 3 and q1 is 2 or 3, and still more preferably, k1 is 3 and q1 is 2 or 3.

In one embodiment, preferably, k1 is an integer of 1 to 3 and q1 is 3, more preferably, k1 is 2 or 3 and q1 is 3, and still more preferably, k1 is 3 and q1 is 3.

In one embodiment, k1 is an integer of 1 to 3 and Z³ is a divalent organic group. Preferably, Z³ does not include a group which forms a siloxane bond together with a Si atom (the Si atom binding to R^(a)) present at the end of the molecular backbone of the formula (B1) or the formula (B2). More preferably, Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g)—O—(CH₂)_(h)— (wherein g is an integer of 1 to 6, h is an integer of 1 to 6) or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)— (wherein i is an integer of 0 to 6), and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

Examples of preferable PFPE-containing silane compounds represented by the formula (B1) include the following compounds. In the following, R^(f) is as defined above and d is 5 to 40.

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

R^(f)—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—OCF(CF₃)—CONH—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃

The number average molecular weight of the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) may be, for example, but not limited to, a number average molecular weight of 5×10² to 1×10⁵. Within this range, the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 30,000, more preferably 1,000 to 12,000, and still more preferably 1,000 to 6,000. In the present disclosure, the number average molecular weight is a value measured by ¹⁹F-NMR.

In a preferred embodiment, in the formulae (B1) and (B2),

PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—,

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,         preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or         more and 200 or less);

X³ is each independently at each occurrence —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and preferably —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—;

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1;

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group; and

i is an integer of 0 to 6.

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 8,000, and preferably 1,000 to 4,000. By having such a number average molecular weight, a layer (for example, a surface-treating layer) formed by using the compound (or a surface-treating agent containing the compound) can be further improved in slip suppression effect, friction durability, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) are compounds represented by the formula (B1).

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (B1) and (B2) may be prepared, for example, by introducing a hydroxyl group in the end of a fluoropolyether derivative corresponding to the Rf-PFPE moiety as a raw material, followed by further introducing a group having an unsaturated bond in the end thereof, and reacting the group having an unsaturated bond with a silyl derivative having a halogen atom, further introducing a hydroxyl group in the end and then a group having an unsaturated bond into the silyl group, and finally reacting the group having an unsaturated bond with a silyl derivative. For example, it may be synthesized as described in International Publication No.

Formulae (C1) and (C2):

(Rf-PFPE)_(γ′)—X⁵—(CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2))_(γ)  (C1)

(R^(f) _(m2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(d) _(k2)C)_(γ)—X⁵-PFPE-X⁵—(CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2))_(γ)  (C2)

In the formulae (C1) and (C2), Rf and PFPE are as defined for the formulae (A1) and (A2). Here, the “formula (A1)” is to be read as “formula (C1)” and the “X¹ group” is to be read as “X⁵ group”.

In the formula, X⁵ each independently represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group. X⁵ is recognized to be a linker which connects between a fluoropolyether moiety (i.e., an Rf-PFPE moiety or -PFPE-moiety) providing mainly water-repellency, surface lubricity and the like and a moiety (i.e., a group in parentheses with γ) providing an ability to bind to a base material in the compound represented by the formulae (C1) and (C2). Therefore, X⁵ may be a single bond or any organic group as long as the compounds represented the formulae (C1) and (C2) can stably exist. In the present specification, in the group described as X⁵, the left side of the group is bonded to the group represented by PFPE, and the right side thereof is bonded to the group in parentheses with γ.

-   In the formula, γ is an integer of 1 to 9, and γ′ is an integer of 1     to 9. These γ and γ′ may vary depending on the valence number of X⁵.     In the formula (C1), the sum of γ and γ′ is the same as the valence     number of X⁵. For example, when X⁵ is a 10 valent organic group, the     sum of γ and γ′ is 10, for example, γ and γ′ may be 9 and 1, γ and     γ′ may be 5 and 5, or γ and γ′ may be 1 and 9. When X⁵ is a divalent     organic group, γ and γ′ are 1. In the formula (C2), y is a value     obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence number of X⁵.

X⁵ is preferably a 2 to 7 valent, more preferably a 2 to 4 valent, and still more preferably a divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X⁵ is a 2 to 4 valent organic group, γ is 1 to 3, and γ′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X⁵ is a divalent organic group, γ is 1, and γ′ is 1. In this case, the formulae (C1) and (C2) are represented by the following formulae (C1′) and (C2′).

Rf-PFPE-X⁵—CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)  (C1′)

R^(f) _(m2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(d) _(k2)C—X⁵-PFPE-X⁵—CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)  (C2′)

Examples of X⁵ include, but are not limited to, the same group as those described for X¹.

Examples of preferred X⁵ include:

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, and

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group). In the formula, R³⁴, R³⁵, X¹⁰, X¹¹, and n4 are as defined above.

In one embodiment X⁵ is a single bond.

In one embodiment, examples of X⁵ include, but are not limited to, the following structure:

—X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—,

—X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, and

—X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formula, X^(f), X¹⁰, R³⁴, X¹¹, R³⁵, and n4 are as defined above.

Examples of particularly preferred X⁵ include: a single bond;

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH—CH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—,

—CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₂—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—CONH— (CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CONH—,

—CF₂—CONH—CH₂—,

—CF₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CONH— (CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂OCH₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₃,

—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—CH₂OCH₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,

—O—CFHCF₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,

—(CH₂)₃—,

—(CH₂)₆—

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,

—CF₂—CH₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,

—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—, and

—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—.

In a preferred embodiment, X⁵ is

—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, or

a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group).

In the formula:

R³⁴ is as defined above, and preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

X¹⁰ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is as defined above, and preferably a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and

X¹¹ is as defined above, and preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, still more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In the embodiment, X⁵ is particularly preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—. In the formula, R³⁴, X¹⁰, and X¹¹ are as defined above.

In the embodiment, X¹⁰ is particularly preferably a single bond and X¹¹ is particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and X¹¹ is still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent.

In the formula, R^(d) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z⁴—CR^(81P2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2).

In the formula, Z⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group.

Z⁴ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g)—O—(CH₂)_(h)— (wherein g is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6, h is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6) or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)— (wherein i is an integer of 0 to 6), and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group. These groups are optionally substituted by, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.

In the formula, R⁸1 each independently at each occurrence represents R^(d′). R^(d′) is as defined for R^(d).

In R^(d), the number of C atoms which are linearly linked via the Z⁴ group is up to five. That is, in R^(d), when there is at least one R⁸¹, there are two or more C atoms which are linearly connected via the Z⁴ group in R^(d). The number of such C atoms which are linearly connected via the Z⁴ group is up to five. It is noted that “the number of C atoms which are linearly connected via the Z⁴ group in R^(d)” is equal to the repeating number of —Z⁴—C— which are linearly connected in R^(d).

In a preferred embodiment, as shown below, “the number of C atoms which are linearly connected via the Z⁴ group in R^(d)” is 1 (left formula) or 2 (right formula) in all chains.

In one embodiment, the number of C atoms which are linearly connected via the Z⁴ group in R^(d) is 1 or 2, and preferably 1.

In the formula, R⁸² each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2).

Y each independently at each occurrence represents a divalent organic group.

In a preferred embodiment, Y is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g′)—O— (CH₂)_(h′)— (wherein g′ is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6, h′ is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6) or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)— (wherein i′ is an integer of 0 to 6). These groups are optionally substituted by, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.

In one embodiment, Y may be a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)—. When Y is a group as described above, light resistance, especially UV resistance can be further increased. In the formula, i′ is an integer of 0 to 6.

Y is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and more preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group.

In one embodiment,

X⁵ is preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹— or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and more preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—; and

Y is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)—, and more preferably C₁₋₆ alkylene group.

R³⁴, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and i′ are as defined above.

In one embodiment,

X⁵ is preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹— or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and more preferably —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—; and

Y is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)—, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group.

In the formula:

R³⁴ is a hydrogen atom, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom;

X¹⁰ is a single bond, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

X¹¹ is a single bond or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent; and

i′ is an integer of 0 to 6.

In the embodiment, X¹⁰ is particularly preferably a single bond and X¹¹ is particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group, and X¹¹ is still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent. More preferably, X⁵ is —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—.

R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. The “hydrolyzable group” is as defined above.

R⁸⁵ is preferably —OR (wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly a methyl group).

R⁸⁶ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.

n2 independently represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 3 for each (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit.

R⁸³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group, and preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.

In the formula, p2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; q2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and r2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3. In each (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)), the sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3.

In the formula, R^(e) each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2). Y, R⁸⁵, R⁸⁶, and n2 are as described in R⁸².

In the formula, R^(f) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group, and preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.

In the formula, k2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; 12 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; and m2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3.

In the formulae (C1) and (C2), there are two or more groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵. Specifically, there are two or more groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2) (n2 is an integer of 1 to 3). Preferably, in the formulae (C1) and (C2), there are at least two groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2) in which n2 is 2 or more. That is, preferably, in the formulae (C1) and (C2), there are at least two groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶ or —Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃.

In the formulae (C1) and (C2), the unit (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) is preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and more preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃).

In a preferred embodiment, in R^(d′) at the end of R^(d)(R^(d) when there is no R^(d′)), q2 is preferably 2 or more, for example, 2 or 3, and more preferably 3. In this embodiment, more preferably q2 is 2 or more, for example 2 or 3, and n2 is an integer of 2 or 3, still more preferably q2 is 2 or more, for example 2 or 3, and n2 is 3, and particularly preferably q2 is 3 and n2 is 3.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the ends of R^(d) may be —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂ (specifically, —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R⁸³) or —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, and preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃. In the formula, the unit (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). In a still more preferred embodiment, all ends in R^(d) may be —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃ and n2 may be an integer of 2 or 3, and preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₃.

In a more preferred embodiment, the end of groups represented by (CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)) is C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R⁸³, C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R^(f), or C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, preferably C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R^(f) or C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, and more preferably C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃. Here, n2 is an integer of 1 to 3. In the formula, the unit (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) is preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). In a still more preferred embodiment, all ends in the group may be —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, and preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₃.

In one embodiment, there are one to three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is an integer of 1 to 3), preferably two or three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is 2 or 3), and more preferably three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is 3). In this embodiment, n2 is 2 or 3, and preferably 3. More preferably, l2 is 2 or 3 and n2 is 2 or 3, and still more preferably, l2 is 3 and n2 is 3.

In one embodiment, there are one to three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is an integer of 1 to 3), preferably two or three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is 2 or 3), and more preferably three R^(e) (i.e., l2 is 3). In this embodiment, R^(e) is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). More preferably, l2 is 2 or 3, and R^(e) is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and still more preferably, l2 is 3 and R^(e) is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃).

In one embodiment, at least one k2 is 2 or 3, and preferably 3. In this embodiment, in R^(d′) at the end of R^(d) (R^(d) when there is no R^(d′)), there are two or more R⁸² (i.e., q2 is 2 or more), for example, there are two or three R⁸² (i.e., q2 is 2 or 3), and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and preferably, (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). More preferably, there are three R⁸² (i.e., q2 is 3) and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and particularly preferably, there are three R⁸² (i.e., q2 is 3) and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃).

In one embodiment, k2 is 2 or 3, and preferably 3. In this embodiment, in R^(d), at the end of R^(d) (R^(d) when there is no R^(d′)), there are two or three R⁸² and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₂R⁸⁶) or (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). More preferably, there are two or three R⁸² and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃), and particularly preferably, there are three R⁸² and R⁸² is (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃).

Examples of the PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the preferable formula (C1) include the following compounds. In the following, R^(f) is as defined above (for example, CF₃CF₂CF₂), and d is 5 to 40.

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₂,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CH₂OCH₂C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₂,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CH₂OCH₂C(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CH₂OCH₂C(CH₃)(CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₂,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)CH₂OCH₂C(CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₂,

Rf—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)OCF(CF₃)—CH₂CH₂CH₂—C(CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃)₃

The number average molecular weight of the compounds represented by the formulae (C1) and (C2) may be, for example, but not limited to, a number average molecular weight of 5×10² to 1×10⁵. Within this range, the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 30,000, more preferably 1,000 to 12,000, and still more preferably 1,000 to 6,000. In the present disclosure, the number average molecular weight is a value measured by ¹⁹F-NMR.

In one embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (C1) and (C2) have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 8,000, and preferably 1,000 to 4,000. By having such a number average molecular weight, a layer (for example, a surface-treating layer) formed by using the compound (or a surface-treating agent containing the compound) can be further improved in slip suppression effect, abrasion resistance, and the like.

In one embodiment, PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,         preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or         more and 200 or less);

X⁵ is a single bond, —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X^(f)—X¹⁰—(OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group);

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1;

Y is each independently at each occurrence —(CH₂)_(g′)—O—(CH₂)_(h′)— (wherein g′ is an integer of 0 to 6, h′ is an integer of 0 to 6, for example an integer of 1 to 6) or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group);

l2 is 3; and

n2 is 3.

In the embodiment, g′ may be 0.

In one embodiment,

PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,         preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or         more and 200 or less);

X⁵ is a single bond;

Y is each independently at each occurrence —(CH₂)_(g′)—O—(CH₂)_(h′)— (wherein g′ is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, g′ is 0, h′ is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6) or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group);

l2 is 3; and

n2 is 3.

In a preferred embodiment, in the formulae (C1) and (C2).

PFPE is each independently a group represented by the formula:

—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—

-   -   (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,         preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or         more and 200 or less);

X⁵ is each independently at each occurrence —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X^(f)—X¹⁰—(OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and preferably —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—;

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1; and

Y is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds represented by the formulae (C1) and (C2) are compounds represented by the formula (C1).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) or the formula (C2) may be produced by combining known methods.

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure is a compound represented by the formula (B1), the formula (B2), the formula (C1), or the formula (C2).

In the embodiment, the formula (B1) is preferably represented by the following formula (B1″).

Rf-PFPE-X³—SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)  (B1″)

In the formula (B1″):

R^(f) is independently at each occurrence a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, and preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group;

PFPE is —(OC₃F₆)_(d)— and has at least one branched structure in PFPE, and preferably —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))_(d);

d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less;

X³ is —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and preferably —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—;

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1;

R^(a) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p)1R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1);

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

R⁷² is a hydrolyzable group, and more preferably —OR (wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group);

p1 is 0, q1 is 3, and r1 is 0; and

k1 is 3 and l1 and m1 are 0.

In the embodiment, X³ may be a group represented by —X^(f)—X¹⁰—(OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—. In the formula, X^(f), X¹⁰, X¹¹, R³⁵, and n4 are as defined above.

In the embodiment, the formula (B2) is preferably represented by the following formula (B2″).

R^(c) _(m1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(a) _(k)1Si—X³-PFPE-X³—SiR^(a) _(k)1R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)  (B2″)

In the formula (B2″), each symbol is as defined in the formula (B1″).

In the embodiment, the formula (C1) is preferably represented by the following formula (C1″).

Rf-PFPE-X⁵—CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)  (C1″)

In the formula (C1″);

Rf is independently at each occurrence a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, and preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group;

PFPE is —(OC₃F₆)_(d)— and has at least one branched structure in PFPE, and preferably —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))_(d);

d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less;

X⁵ is —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X^(f)—X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group (preferably propylene group), and preferably —X^(f)—X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—;

X^(f) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group), wherein the hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and preferably substituted;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, —R³⁶—, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, preferably a single bond, —O—R³⁶—O—, or —R³⁶—, more preferably a single bond or —R³⁶—, and still more preferably a single bond;

R³⁶ is a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and still more preferably a C₁₋₂ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, wherein the alkylene group in R³⁶ may be linear or may have a branched structure;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group having no substituent, more preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent, and particularly preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group having no substituent;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁-alkylene group, and preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group;

n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1;

k2 is 0, l2 is 3, and m2 is 0;

R^(e) is represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2);

Y is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, and preferably a C₂₋₃ alkylene group;

R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and preferably —OR (wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly a methyl group); and

n2 is 3.

In the embodiment, the formula (C2) is preferably represented by the following formula (C2″).

R^(f) _(m2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(d) _(k2)C—X⁵-PFPE-X⁵—CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(f) _(m2)  (C2″)

In the formula (C2″), each symbol is as defined in the formula (C1″).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure is a compound represented by the formula (C1) or formula (C2).

In the embodiment, preferably, the compound represented by the formula (C1) is a compound represented by the formula (C1″) and the compound represented by the formula (C2) is a compound represented by the formula (C2″).

In a preferred embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure is a compound represented by the formula (B1) or (C1).

More preferably, the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure is a compound represented by the formula (C1).

In the embodiment, preferably, the compound represented by the formula (C1) is a compound represented by the formula (C1″).

Methods suitable for producing PFPE-containing silane compounds of the present disclosure are described below by way of example, but the methods of the present disclosure are not limited to the following.

In one embodiment, a method suitable for producing the PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) or (C2) and including the following steps will be described.

Step (3):

a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

wherein:

Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

PFPE is represented by (—OCF(CF₃)CF₂-)_(d);

d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less;

X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; and

Y¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group,

with HSiM′₃,

wherein:

M′ is each independently a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,

and, optionally,

a compound represented by the formula: R⁸⁵ _(i)L′

wherein:

R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

L′ represents a group capable of binding to R⁸⁵; and

i is an integer of 1 to 3,

and/or

a compound represented by the formula: R^(86′) _(j)L′

wherein:

R^(86′) represents a C₁₋₂₂ alkyl group;

L″ represents a group capable of binding to R^(86′); and

j is an integer of 1 to 3,

It is noted that —X¹⁰—C(O)N(R³⁴)—X¹¹— corresponds to X⁵ in the formulae (C1) and (C2) and —Y¹¹—CH₂CH₂-corresponds to Y in the formulae (C1) and (C2).

In the embodiment, preferably, the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3) is produced by a method including the following steps (1) and (2).

Step (1):

a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1):

Rf-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c1-1)

HOC(O)—X¹⁰-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c2-1)

wherein:

Rf, PFPE, and X¹⁰ are as defined above,

with SOM₂,

wherein M is each independently at each occurrence a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom,

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2):

wherein:

Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, and M are as defined above; and

Step (2):

a step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2) with a compound represented by the formula:

HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃,

wherein R³⁴, X¹¹, and Y¹¹ are as defined above,

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

wherein Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, R³⁴, and X¹¹ are as defined above.

The above producing method will be described in detail below.

Step (1):

In the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1), Rf is as defined above.

In the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1), PFPE is as defined above, and is preferably a group represented by the formula: —(OC₃F₆)_(d)—, and more preferably a group represented by the formula: —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—. In the formula, d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less.

In the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1), X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms.

The compound represented by the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1) is commercially available, or may be produced from a commercially available compound using conventional techniques in the art.

In SOM₂ used in step (1), M is each independently at each occurrence a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom, and preferably a chlorine atom. The compound is commercially available, or may be produced from a commercially available compound using conventional techniques in the art.

The amount of SOM₂ used in step (1) is preferably 1 mol or more per mol of the terminal COOH group (as the total amount when two or more compounds are used; the same applies below) of the compound represented by the formula (c1-1) and/or the formula (c2-1).

The reaction of step (1) is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst in a suitable solvent.

Examples of the suitable catalyst include N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).

The suitable solvent is not limited as long as it does not adversely affect the reaction, and examples thereof include 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, perfluorobutyl ethyl ether, and perfluorohexyl methyl ether.

The reaction temperature in such a reaction is usually, but not limited to, 0 to 150° C., and preferably 80 to 100° C., and the reaction time is usually, but not limited to, 30 to 600 minutes, and preferably 60 to 120 minutes, and the reaction pressure is, but not limited to, −0.2 to 1 MPa (gauge pressure), and is conveniently atmospheric pressure.

Step (2):

In the compound: HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃ used in step (2), X¹¹ is a single bond or a divalent organic group, preferably a single bond or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and more preferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group.

In the formula, R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom.

In the formula, Y¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group. Y¹¹ is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of the compound: HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃ used in step (2) include H₂NCH₂C(CH₂—CH═CH₂)₃, H₂NCH₂CH₂C(CH₂—CH═CH₂)₃, and H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₂—CH═CH₂)₃.

The amount of the compound represented by the formula: HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃ is preferably 1 mol or more per mol of the terminal —C(O)M group of the compound represented by the formula (c1-2) and/or the formula (c2-2).

The reaction of step (2) is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst in a suitable solvent.

Examples of suitable catalyst include triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine.

The suitable solvent is not limited as long as it does not adversely affect the reaction, and examples thereof include 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, perfluorobutyl ethyl ether, and perfluorohexyl methyl ether.

The reaction temperature in such a reaction is usually, but not limited to, 0 to 100° C., and preferably 0 to 40° C., and the reaction time is usually, but not limited to, 30 to 600 minutes, and preferably 60 to 120 minutes, and the reaction pressure is, but not limited to, −0.2 to 1 MPa (gauge pressure), and is conveniently atmospheric pressure.

Step (3):

In step (3), the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3) is reacted with HSiM′₃ and, optionally, a compound represented by the formula: R⁸⁵ _(i)L′, and/or a compound represented by the formula: R^(86′) _(j)L″.

The compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3) is preferably the compound obtained in the step (2).

In the compound: HSiM′₃ used in step (3), M′ is each independently a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a halogen atom, and more preferably a chlorine atom.

In the compound represented by the formula: R⁸⁵ _(i)L′ used in step (3), R⁸⁵ is as described in the formulae (C1) and (C2); L′ represents a group capable of binding to R⁸⁵; and i is an integer of 1 to 3.

In the compound represented by the formula: R^(86′) _(j)L″ used in step (3), R^(86′) is a C₁₋₂₂ alkyl group; L″ represents a group capable of binding to R^(86′); and j is an integer of 1 to 3.

The “group capable of binding to R⁸⁵” and the “group capable of binding to R^(86′)” represented by L′ and L″ above are capable of binding to R⁸⁵ and R^(86′), respectively, and R⁸⁵ and R^(86′) are not limited as long as R⁸⁵ and R^(86′) can leave from these groups in the above reaction, and examples thereof include a hydrogen atom, lithium, and sodium. The “group capable of binding to R⁸⁵” and the “group capable of binding to R^(86′)” may be a group which may have a plurality of R⁸⁵ or R^(86′) groups, for example, =CH₂, =CH. Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate group capable of binding to R⁸⁵ and a group capable of binding to R^(86′) depending on the conditions such as the type of compound to be reacted, the solvent, and the temperature.

The amount of HSiM′₃ used in step (3) may be 1 mol or more, but is preferably 2 mol, per mol of the terminal —CH═CH₂ group of the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) and/or the formula (c2-3).

When the compound represented by R⁸⁵ _(i)L′ is used in step (3), the use amount thereof may vary depending on the amount of R⁸⁵ group to be introduced, and such amount can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.

When the compound represented by R^(86′) _(j)L′ is used in step (3), the use amount thereof may vary depending on the amount of R^(86′) group to be introduced, and such amount can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.

In the reaction of step (3), firstly, the terminal —CH═CH₂ group of the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) and/or the formula (c2-3) is reacted with HSiM′₃ to convert its end to the —CH₂CH₂SiM′₃ group. Then, this terminal —CH₂CH₂SiM′₃ group is reacted with the compound represented by R⁸⁵ _(i)L′ and/or the compound represented by R^(86′) _(j)L″ to replace M′ with R⁸⁵ or R^(86′). It is noted that the compound represented by R⁸⁵ _(i)L′ and the compound represented by R^(86′) _(j)L′ may be reacted simultaneously or separately.

However, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, HSiM′₃, the compound represented by R⁸⁵ _(i)L′, and the compound represented by R^(86′) _(j)L′ may be used as a compound of HSi(R⁸⁵ _(i)) (R^(86′) _(j)) (in this case, i+j is 3). The compound represented by HSi(R⁸⁵ _(i)) (R^(86′) _(j)) may be produced by those skilled in the art using conventional techniques in the art.

In another embodiment, the total amount of the compound represented by R⁸⁵ _(i)L′ and/or the compound represented by R^(86′) _(j)L′ in step (3) is set to 3 mol or more per mol of the terminal —CH═CH₂ group of the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) and/or the formula (c2-3). According to such an embodiment, substantially all M′ of the terminal —CH₂CH₂SiM′₃ produced in the reaction of the step (3) can be replaced with R⁸⁵ or R^(86′).

The reaction in step (3) is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst in a suitable solvent.

Examples of suitable catalyst include Pt, Pd, and Rh. The catalyst is preferably Pt. Such catalyst may be in any form, for example in the form of a complex.

The suitable solvent is not limited as long as it does not adversely affect the reaction, and examples thereof include 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, perfluorobutyl ethyl ether, and perfluorohexyl methyl ether.

The reaction temperature in such a reaction is usually, but not limited to, 0 to 100° C., and preferably 50 to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually, but not limited to, 30 to 600 minutes, and preferably 60 to 240 minutes, and the reaction pressure is, but not limited to, −0.2 to 1 MPa (gauge pressure), and is conveniently atmospheric pressure.

The reaction of step (3) is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable rearrangement preventing agent.

Examples of the suitable rearrangement preventing agent include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid compounds. The carboxylic acid compound may include (a) a carboxylic acid, (b) a carboxylic acid anhydride, (c) a silylated carboxylic acid, and/or (d) a substance that produces the carboxylic acid compounds (i.e., (a), (b) or (c)) in the reaction of step (3). These carboxylic acid compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

When the rearrangement preventing agent contains (a) the carboxylic acid, any carboxylic acid having a carboxyl group may be used. Examples of the suitable carboxylic acid include, but are not limited to, saturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids, and dicarboxylic acids. Specific examples of the suitable carboxylic acid include, but are not limited to, a saturated monocarboxylic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, cyclohexanoic acid, lauric acid, and stearic acid; a saturated dicarboxylic acid such as oxalic acid and adipic acid; an aromatic carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid and p-phthalic acid; a carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen atom on the carbon of the hydrocarbon group of these carboxylic acids has been substituted by a halogen atom or an organosilyl group, such as chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, para-chlorobenzoic acid, and trimethylsilylacetic acid; an unsaturated fatty acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and oleic acid; and compounds having a hydroxy group, a carbonyl group or an amino group in addition to the carboxyl group, namely, a hydroxy acid such as lactic acid, a keto acid such as acetoacetic acid, an aldehyde acid such as glyoxylic acid, and an amino acid such as glutamic acid.

Examples of (b) the carboxylic acid anhydride include, but are not limited to, acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, and benzoic acid anhydride. These carboxylic acid anhydrides may be those generated in the reaction system of step (3), and include acetyl chloride, butyryl chloride, benzoyl chloride, and other carboxylic acid halides; carboxylic acid metal salts such as zinc acetate and thallium acetate; and carboxylic esters decomposable by light or heat, such as (2-nitrobenzyl)propionate.

Examples of (c) the silylated carboxylic acid include, but are not limited to, trialkylsilylated carboxylic acids, such as trimethylsilyl formate, trimethylsilyl acetate, triethylsilyl propionate, trimethylsilyl benzoate, and trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetate; and di-, tri-, or tetracarboxysilylates, such as dimethyldiacetoxysilane, diphenyldiacetoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, ethyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, di-t-butoxydiacetoxysilane, and silicon tetrabenzoate.

The rearrangement preventing agent is used in an amount of 0.001 to 20% by weight, for example 0.01 to 5% by weight, or 0.01 to 1% by weight, but not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can select the amount of using the rearrangement preventing agent depending on the compound to be reacted, an agent, a solvent, and other conditions. The rearrangement preventing agent is commercially available as DOW CORNING (registered trademark) ETS 900 or XIAMETER (registered trademark) OFS-1579 Silane available from Dow Corning Corporation of Midland, Mich.

In a preferred embodiment, the PFPE is —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)— (wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less), and in the production method, the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) is reacted in step (3). More preferably, in the production method, in step (1), the compound represented by the formula (c1-2) is produced from the compound represented by the formula (c1-1); in step (2), the compound represented by step (c1-3) is produced from the compound represented by the formula (c1-2), and in step (3), the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) is reacted. The operation in each step is as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound, which includes the following steps (1) to (3).

Step (1):

a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (c1-1) or the formula (c2-1):

Rf-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c1-1)

HOC(O)—X¹⁰-PFPE-X¹⁰—C(O)OH  (c2-1)

wherein Rf, PFPE, and X¹⁰ are as defined above,

with SOM₂,

wherein M is as defined above,

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2):

wherein:

Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰ and M are as defined above; Step (2):

a step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or the formula (c2-2) with a compound represented by the formula:

HN(R³⁴)—X¹¹—C(Y¹¹—CH═CH₂)₃,

wherein R³⁴, X¹¹, and Y¹¹ are as defined above,

to obtain a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

wherein Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, R³⁴, and X¹¹ are as defined above; and

Step (3):

a step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or the formula (c2-3):

with HSiM′₃,

and, optionally,

a compound represented by the formula: R⁸⁵ _(i)L′

and/or

a compound represented by the formula: R^(86′) _(j)L′

wherein M′, R⁸⁵, L′, i, R^(86′), L″, and j are as defined above.

The present disclosure further provides a compound represented by the formula (c1-2) or (c2-2):

that is, an intermediate in the production method.

In the formula, Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, and M are as defined above.

Preferably, the intermediate is a compound represented by the formula (c1-2).

The present disclosure still further provides a compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or (c2-3):

that is, an intermediate in the production method.

In the formula, Rf, PFPE, X¹⁰, R³⁴, X¹, and Y″ are as defined above.

Preferably, the intermediate is a compound represented by the formula (c1-3).

(Surface-Treating Agent)

The surface-treating agent of the present disclosure contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2).

The surface-treating agent can contribute to the formation of a surface-treating layer having good UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, an effect of suppressing lubricity, high friction durability, heat resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like.

The surface-treating agent may be diluted with a solvent. Examples of the solvent include, but are not limited to:

-   -   a fluorine atom-containing solvent selected from the group         consisting of perfluorohexane, CF₃CF₂CHCl₂, CF₃CH₂CF₂CH₃,         CF₃CHFCHFC₂F₅, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane,         1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (ZEORORA H (trade name),         etc.), C₄F₉OCH₃, C₄F₉₀C₂H₅, CF₃CH₂OCF₂CHF₂, C₆F₁₃CH═CH₂,         C₆F₁₃OCH₃, xylene hexafluoride, perfluorobenzene, methyl         pentadecafluoroheptyl ketone, trifluoroethanol,         pentafluoropropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, HCF₂CF₂CH₂OH, methyl         trifluoromethanesulfonate, trifluoroacetic acid, and         CF₃O(CF₂CF₂O)_(m1)(CF₂O)_(n1)CF₂CF₃ (wherein m1 and n1 are each         independently an integer of 0 or more and 1000 or less, the         occurrence order of the respective repeating units in         parentheses with m1 or n1 is arbitrary in the formula, with the         proviso that the sum of m1 and n1 is 1 or more),         1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene,         1,2-dichloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene,         1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene,         1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene,         1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene, and         1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. These solvents may be used         alone or as a mixture of two or more compounds.

The content of moisture contained in the solvent is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less. The content of moisture may be measured using the Karl Fischer method. With such a content of moisture, the storage stability of the surface-treating agent can be improved.

The surface-treating agent may contain other components in addition to the PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2). Examples of the other components include, but are not limited to, a (non-reactive) fluoropolyether compound which may be also understood as fluorine-containing oils, preferably perfluoro(poly)ether compounds (hereinafter, referred to as “the fluorine-containing oil”), (non-reactive) silicone compounds which may be also understood as silicone oils (hereinafter referred to as “silicone oil”), catalysts, lower alcohols, transition metals, halide ions, and compounds containing an atom having an unshared electron pair in a molecular structure.

Examples of the fluorine-containing oil include, but are not limited to, a compound represented by the following general formula (1) (a perfluoro(poly)ether compound).

Rf⁵—(OC₄F₈)_(a′)—(OC₃F₆)_(b′)—(OC₂F₄)_(c′)—(OCF₂)_(d′)—Rf⁶  (1)

In the formula, Rf⁵ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms (preferably, a C1-16 perfluoroalkyl group), Rf⁶ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms (preferably, a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group), a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom, and more preferably, Rf⁵ and Rf⁶ are each independently a C₁₋₃ perfluoroalkyl group.

a′, b′, c′, and d′ represent the repeating number of each of four repeating units of perfluoro(poly)ether which constitute a main backbone of the polymer, and are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 300 or less, and the sum of a′, b′, c′, and d′ is at least 1, preferably 1 to 300, and more preferably 20 to 300. The occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a′, b′, c′, or d′ is arbitrary in the formulae. There is at least one branched structure in the repeating units. That is, the repeating units have at least one CF₃ end (specifically, —CF₃, —C₂F₅, etc., more specifically —CF₃). Regarding the repeating unit having a branched structure, examples of —(OC₄F₈)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂), —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—; and examples of —(OC₃F₆)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))—; and examples of —(OC₂F₄)— include —(OCF(CF₃))—.

Examples of the perfluoro(poly)ether compound represented by the general formula (1) include a compound represented by any of the following general formulae (1a) and (1b) (may be one compound or a mixture of two or more compounds).

Rf⁵—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(b″)—Rf⁶  (1a)

Rf⁵— (OC₄F₈)_(a″)— (OC₃F₆)_(b″)— (OCF(CF₃))_(c″)—(OCF₂)_(d″)—Rf⁶  (1b)

In these formulae, Rf⁵ and Rf⁶ are as defined above; in the formula (1a), b″ is an integer of 1 or more and 100 or less; and in the formula (1b), a″ and b″ are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 30 or less, and c″ and d″ are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 300 or less. The occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a″, b″, c″, or d″ is arbitrary in the formulae. —(OC₄F₈)— and —(OC₃F₆)— have a branched structure.

The fluorine-containing oil may have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 30,000. In particular, the number average molecular weight of the compound represented by the formula (1a) is preferably 2,000 to 8,000. By having such a number average molecular weight, good friction durability can be obtained. In one embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the compound represented by the formula (1b) is preferably 3,000 to 8,000. In another embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the compound represented by the formula (1b) is 8,000 to 30,000.

In the surface-treating agent, the fluorine-containing oil may be contained in an amount of, for example, 0 to 500 parts by mass, preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containing silane compound.

From the other point of view, the fluorine-containing oil may be a compound represented by the general formula Rf′—F (wherein Rf′ is a C₅₁ perfluoroalkyl group). In addition, the fluorine-containing oil may be a chlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer. The compound represented by Rf′—F and the chlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer are preferable in that the compound shows high affinity to the above-mentioned fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound in which Rf is a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group.

The fluorine-containing oil contributes to improving the surface lubricity of the surface-treating layer.

Examples of the silicone oil include a linear or cyclic silicone oil having 2,000 or less siloxane bonds. The linear silicone oil may be so-called a straight silicone oil and a modified silicon oil. Examples of the straight silicone oil include dimethylsilicone oil, methylphenylsilicone oil, and methylhydrogensilicone oil. Examples of the modified silicone oil include that which is obtained by modifying a straight silicone oil with alkyl, aralkyl, polyether, higher fatty acid ester, fluoroalkyl, amino, epoxy, carboxyl, alcohol, or the like. Examples of cyclic silicone oil include cyclic dimethylsiloxane oil.

The silicone oil may be contained in the surface-treating agent, for example, at 0 to 50 parts by mass, and preferably 0 to 5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containing silane compound (as the total mass when two or more compounds are used; the same applies below).

The silicone oil contributes to improving the surface lubricity of the surface-treating layer.

Examples of the catalyst include an acid (for example, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.), a base (for example, ammonia, triethylamine, diethylamine, etc.), and a transition metal (for example, Ti, Ni, Sn, etc.).

The catalyst facilitates the hydrolysis and dehydration condensation of the fluorine-containing silane compound to facilitate the formation of the surface-treating layer.

Examples of the lower alcohol as the other component include alcohol compounds having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Examples of the transition metal include platinum, ruthenium, and rhodium.

Examples of the halide ion include chloride ion.

Examples of the compounds containing an atom having an unshared electron pair in the molecular structure include diethylamine, triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, hexamethylphosphoramide, N,N-diethylacetamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), tetramethylenesulfoxide, methylphenylsulfoxide, and diphenylsulfoxide. Among these compounds, it is preferable to use dimethyl sulfoxide or tetramethylene sulfoxide.

In addition to the above, examples of the other component include tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and methyltriacetoxysilane.

In addition to the above, examples of the other component include a compound (E) having a fluoro(poly)ether group and a carboxylic acid group in the molecular structure. In the compound (E), the fluoro(poly)ether group contains at least one fluorine atom. By containing such a compound (E), the reaction with glass is facilitated, so that the surface-treating layer can be formed in a shorter time.

Examples of the compound (E) include compounds represented by the following formula (E1) or (E2), and specifically, a compound represented by the formula (E1).

Rf¹-PFPE¹-X^(f1)—COOH  (E1)

HOOC—X^(f1)-PFPE¹-X^(f1)—COOH  (E2)

In the formulae (E1) and (E2),

Rf¹ independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms.

The “alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms” in the alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms may be linear or branched, and preferably is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Rf¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, and still more preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group.

The perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and preferably is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, specifically —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, or —CF₂CF₂CF₃.

In the formulae (E1) and (E2),

PFPE¹ is independently at each occurrence a group represented by:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a1)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b1)—(OC₄F₈)_(c1)— (OC₃X^(F) ₆)_(d1)— (OC₂F₄)_(e1)— (OCF₂)_(f)— and has at least one branched structure in PFPE¹. That is, the PFPE¹ has at least one CF₃ end (specifically, —CF₃, —C₂F₅, etc., more specifically —CF₃). In the formula (E1), in the PFPE¹, the oxygen atom at the left end of the formula is bonded to the Rf¹ group, and the carbon atom at the right end of the formula is bonded to the X^(f)group.

X^(F) is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom, preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.

In the formula, a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1 are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the sum of a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1 is at least 1. Preferably, a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1 are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 100 or less. Preferably, the sum of a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1 is 5 or more, and more preferably 10 or more. Preferably, the sum of a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1 is 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, for example, 10 or more and 200 or less, and more specifically 10 or more and 100 or less. The occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, or f1 is arbitrary in the formula.

PFPE¹ preferably has at least 5 branched structures, more preferably 10 branched structures, and particularly preferably 20 branched structures.

In the structure of PFPE¹, the number of repeating units having a branched structure is preferably 40 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and particularly preferably 80 or more, with respect to the total number of repeating units (for example, the sum of a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, and f1) of 100. In the structure of PFPE, the number of repeating units having a branched structure may be 100 or less, for example, 90 or less, with respect to the total number of repeating units of 100.

In the structure of PFPE, the number of repeating units having the branched structure is preferably in the range of 40 to 100, more preferably in the range of 60 to 100, and particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 100, with respect to the total number of repeating units of 100.

Examples of the branched chain in the branched structure include CF₃.

Regarding the repeating unit having a branched structure, examples of —(OC₆F₁₂)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₅F₁₀)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₄F₈)— include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃)—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F))—. Examples of —(OC₃F₆)— (i.e., in the formula, X^(F) is a fluorine atom) include —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))—. Examples of —(OC₂F₄)— include —(OCF(CF₃))—.

The PFPE¹ may include a linear repeating unit as well as a repeating unit having a branched structure. Examples of the linear repeating unit include —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF₂)—.

Preferably, in the PFPE¹, the repeating units —(OC₆F₁₂)—, —(OC₅F₁₀)—, —(OC₄F₈)—, and —(OC₃F₆)— have a branched structure.

More preferably, the PFPE¹ consists of repeating units OC₆F₁₂, OC₅F₁₀, OC₄F₈, and OC₃F₆ having a branched structure.

In one embodiment, the PFPE¹ is —(OC₃F₆)_(d1)-(wherein d1 is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less), and has at least one branched structure in PFPE¹.

In this embodiment, PFPE¹ may further contain a linear repeating unit —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—.

In the embodiment, the PFPE¹ preferably consists of a repeating unit OC₃F₆ having a branched structure. The PFPE¹ is more preferably represented by the formula: —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))_(d)1. In the formula, d1 is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, and more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less.

In another embodiment, PFPE¹ is —(OC₄F₈)_(c1)—(OC₃F₆)_(d1)—(OC₂F₄)_(e1)—(OCF₂)_(f1)— (wherein c1 and d1 are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, e and f are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less, the sum of c1, d1, e1, and f1 is at least 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript c1, d1, e1, or f1 is arbitrary in the formula) and has at least one branched structure in PFPE¹.

In yet another embodiment, PFPE¹ is a group represented by —(R⁶¹—R⁶²)_(j1)— and has at least one branched structure in PFPE. In the formula, R⁶¹ is OCF₂ or OC₂F₄, and preferably OC₂F₄. In the formula, R⁶² is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups. Preferably, R⁶² is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈, or is a group selected from OC₃F₆, OC₄F, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups, and more preferably a group selected from OC₃F₆ and OC₄F₈. Examples of the combination of two or three groups independently selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈ include, but are not limited to, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₅OC₃F₆—, —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, and —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—, j1 is 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and is an integer of 100 or less, and preferably 50 or less. In the formula, OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂ preferably have a branched structure.

More preferably, in the embodiment, PFPE¹ consists of repeating units OC₆F₁₂, OC₅F₁₀, OC₄F₈, and OC₃F₆ having a branched structure.

In the formulae (E1) and (E2),

X^(f1) is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (for example, a methylene group). The hydrogen atoms in X^(f1) are optionally substituted, preferably substituted, by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group, and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group. X^(f1) may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

It is preferable that Rf¹ and PFPE¹ each have the same structure as Rf or PFPE in the PFPE-containing silane compound contained in the surface-treating agent.

The compound (E) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (E1).

In the surface-treating agent, the ratio of the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure to the compound represented by the formula (E) may be, for example, PFPE-containing silane compound: Compound represented by the formula (E)=99.9:0.1 to 85.0:15.0, 99.9:0.1 to 90.0:10.0, 99.9:0.1 to 95.0:5.0 in molar ratio.

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent does not contain the other components: fluorine-containing oils, silicone oils, catalysts, lower alcohols, transition metals, halide ions, and compounds containing an atom having an unshared electron pair in the molecular structure.

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (B1), the formula (B2), the formula (C1), or the formula (C2).

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) or the formula (C2).

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1).

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (B1) or (C1), and preferably a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by (C1).

In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a PFPE-containing silane compound represented by the formula (C1) and does not contain fluorine-containing oil (for example, the content of the fluorine-containing oil is 1 part by mass or less, more specifically 0 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the surface-treating agent) which is the other component.

The surface-treating agent of the present invention is impregnated into a porous material, such as a porous ceramic material, a metal fiber, such as a flocculated steel wool to obtain a pellet. The pellet may be used, for example, in vacuum deposition.

(Article)

An article of the present disclosure includes a base material, and a layer (surface-treating layer) on a surface of the base material and formed of the PFPE-containing silane compound of the present disclosure (or a surface-treating agent containing the PFPE-containing silane compound).

The surface-treating layer of the present disclosure has good UV durability, and further can have an effect of suppressing lubricity, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, high friction durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like.

The surface-treating layer preferably has a contact angle of water on a surface thereof of 100 degrees or more.

The contact angle of water refers to a static contact angle of water on the surface of the article, and is a numerical value measured with 2 μL of water in an environment of 21° C. and 65% humidity. The contact angle of water is preferably 100 degrees or more, and more preferably 110 degrees or more.

The contact angle of n-hexadecane on the surface of the surface-treating layer is preferably 50 degrees or more, and more preferably 60 degrees or more. The contact angle of n-hexadecane refers to a static contact angle of n-hexadecane on the surface of an article, and is a numerical value measured with 2 μL of water in an environment of 21° C. and 65% humidity.

The ratio of the contact angle of water on the surface of the surface-treating layer after irradiation with ultraviolet rays of 310 nm at an illumination intensity of 0.63 W/m² for 96 hours to the contact angle of water on the surface (contact angle of water on the surface before ultraviolet irradiation), i.e., value of contact angle after 96 hours of cumulative UV irradiation time/value of contact angle after 0 hours of UV irradiation time, is preferably 83% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. The method of measuring the contact angle of water is as described above.

In one embodiment, the contact angle of water on the surface of the surface-treating layer is 100 degrees or more, and preferably 110 degrees or more, and the ratio of the contact angle of water on the surface after irradiation with ultraviolet rays of 310 nm at an illumination intensity of 0.63 W/m² for 96 hours to the contact angle of water is 83% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.

The dynamic friction coefficient is a value measured in accordance with ASTM D4917. The dynamic friction coefficient is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.2 or more, and preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.4 or less. The dynamic friction coefficient may be, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 0.5, or may be in the range of 0.15 to 0.35.

The contact angle of water on the surface of the article of the present disclosure is 100 degrees or more, and preferably 110 degrees or more,

the value of contact angle after 96 hours of cumulative UV irradiation time/the value of contact angle after 0 hours of UV irradiation time) is preferably 83% or more, and more preferably 85% or more, and

the dynamic friction coefficient on the surface is particularly preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.35. The contact angle of n-hexadecane on the surface of the article of the present disclosure is particularly preferably 60 degrees or more.

The article may be produced, for example, as follows.

First, the base material is provided. The base material usable in the present disclosure may be composed of any suitable material such as a glass, a resin (may be a natural or synthetic resin such as a common plastic material, and may be in form of a plate, a film, or others), a metal (may be a simple substance of a metal such as aluminum, copper, or iron, or a complex such as alloy or the like), a ceramic, a semiconductor (silicon, germanium, or the like), a fiber (a fabric, a non-woven fabric, or the like), a fur, a leather, a wood, a pottery, a stone, an architectural member or the like.

The glass is preferably a sapphire glass, a soda-lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, a non-alkaline glass, a crystal glass, or a quartz glass, and particularly preferably a chemically strengthened soda-lime glass, a chemically strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a chemically bound borosilicate glass.

The resin is preferably an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin.

For example, when an article to be produced is an optical member, a material constituting the surface of the base material may be a material for an optical member, for example, a glass or a transparent plastic. For example, when an article to be produced is an optical member, any layer (or coating) such as a hard coating layer or an antireflection layer may be formed on the surface (outermost layer) of the base material. The antireflection layer to be used may be either a single antireflection layer or a multi antireflection layer. Examples of inorganic materials usable in the antireflection layer include SiO₂, SiO, ZrO₂, TiO₂, TiO, Ti₂O₃, Ti₂O₅, Al₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, CeO₂, MgO, Y₂O₃, SnO₂, MgF₂, and WO₃. These inorganic materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more (for example, as a mixture). When a multi antireflection layer is used, it is preferable to use SiO₂ and/or SiO for the outermost layer. When an article to be produced is an optical glass component for a touch panel, the article may have a transparent electrode, for example, a thin layer comprising indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, or the like on a part of the surface of the base material (glass). Furthermore, the base material may have an insulating layer, an adhesive layer, a protecting layer, a decorated frame layer (I-CON), an atomizing layer, a hard coating layer, a polarizing film, a phase difference film, a liquid crystal display module, and the like, depending on its specific specification.

The shape of the base material is not limited. The region of the surface of the base material on which the surface-treating layer is to be formed may be at least a part of the surface of the base material, and may be appropriately determined depending on the application, the specific specification, and the like of the article to be produced.

The base material may be that of which at least a surface portion is made of a material originally having a hydroxyl group. Examples of the material include a glass, in addition, a metal (in particular, a base metal) having a natural oxidized layer or a thermal oxidized layer formed on the surface thereof, ceramics, and a semiconductor. Alternatively, when the hydroxyl groups are present but not sufficient as in the case of a resin or the like, or when the hydroxyl group is originally absent, the hydroxyl group may be introduced on the surface of the base material, or the number of the hydroxyl group may be increased by subjecting the base material to any pretreatment. Examples of the pretreatment include a plasma treatment (for example, corona discharge) or an ion beam irradiation. The plasma treatment can introduce or increase hydroxyl groups on the surface of the base material, and can also be suitably used for cleaning the surface of the base material (removing foreign matters and the like). Further, other examples of the pretreatment include a method in which a surface adsorbent having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond group is formed on the surface of a base material in the form of a monolayer by a Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB method) or a chemical adsorption method in advance, and then the unsaturated bond is cleaved in an atmosphere containing oxygen, nitrogen, or the like.

Alternatively, the base material may be that of which at least a surface portion is made of a silicone compound having one or more other reactive group such as Si—H groups, or a material containing an alkoxysilane.

Next, a coating of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure is formed on the surface of the base material, and the coating is post-treated, as necessary, thereby forming a surface-treating layer from the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure.

The formation of the coating of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure may be performed by applying the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure on the surface of the base material so as to coat the surface. The method of coating is not limited. For example, wet coating methods and dry coating methods may be used.

Examples of the wet coating method include dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, spray coating, roll coating, gravure coating, and similar methods.

Examples of the dry coating method include deposition (usually, vacuum deposition), sputtering, CVD, and similar methods. Specific examples of the deposition method (usually, vacuum deposition) include resistance heating, electron beam, high-frequency heating using microwave, etc., ion beam, and similar methods. Specific examples of the CVD method include plasma-CVD, optical CVD, thermal CVD, and similar methods.

Additionally, coating may also be performed by an atmospheric pressure plasma method.

The coating formation is preferably performed such that the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure is present in the coating together with a catalyst for hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. Conveniently, when the wet coating method is used, after diluting the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure with a solvent and immediately before application to the surface of the base material, a catalyst may be added to the dilute solution of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure. When the dry coating method is used, the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure to which a catalyst has been added may be directly used for deposition (usually, vacuum deposition) treatment or may be used as a substance in the form of a pellet for deposition (usually, vacuum deposition), wherein the substance in the form of a pellet is obtained by impregnating a porous body made of a metal such as iron or copper with the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure to which a catalyst has been added.

The catalyst to be used may be any suitable acid or base. The acid catalyst to be used may acetic acid, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or the like. The base catalyst to be used may be ammonia, an organic amine, or the like.

Next, the coating is post-treated as necessary. This post-treatment may be, but not limited to, a treatment in which water supply and dry heating are performed sequentially or simultaneously.

After the coating of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure is formed on the surface of the base material as mentioned above, water is supplied to this coating (hereinafter, also referred to as precursor coating). The method for supplying water is not limited, and for example, a method such as dew condensation due to a temperature difference between the precursor coating (and the base material) and the ambient atmosphere or spraying of steam may be used.

Water may be supplied under an atmosphere, for example, at a temperature of 0 to 250° C., preferably 60° C. or more, more preferably 100° C. or more and preferably 180° C. or less, more preferably 150° C. or less. Hydrolysis can be promoted by supplying water in such a temperature range. The pressure at this time is not limited but can be conveniently atmospheric pressure.

Then, the precursor coating is heated on the surface of the base material under a dry atmosphere over 60° C. The dry heating method is not limited, and the precursor coating may be disposed together with the base material at a temperature in excess of 60° C., preferably in excess of 100° C., for example at a temperature of 250° C. or less, preferably at 180° C. or less, and in an atmosphere of an unsaturated steam pressure. The pressure at this time is not limited but can be conveniently atmospheric pressure.

Under such an atmosphere, the groups bonded to Si after hydrolysis rapidly undergo dehydration condensation between the PFPE-containing silane compounds. Furthermore, between the compound and the base material, a rapid reaction occurs between the group bonded to Si in the compound after hydrolysis and a reactive group present on the surface of the base material, and when the reactive group present on the surface of the base material is a hydroxyl group, dehydration condensation is caused. As a result, a bond is formed between the PFPE-containing silane compound and the base material.

The above water supply and dry heating may be continuously performed by using superheated steam.

The post-treatment may be performed as described above. It is noted that though the post-treatment may be performed in order to further increase friction durability, it is not essential for the production of articles. For example, the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure may be applied to the surface of the base material and then left as it is.

As described above, the layer derived from the coating of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure is formed on the surface of the base material, and an article is produced. The layer derived from the surface treatment composition thus obtained has good UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, an effect of suppressing lubricity, high friction durability, heat resistance, moisture-proof property, and the like. Furthermore, this layer may further have surface lubricity (or lubricity, for example, wiping property for fouling such as fingerprints, excellent touch to fingers), high friction durability, and the like, depending on the composition of the composition used, thus may be suitably used as a functional thin layer.

That is, the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure may also be used for forming an optical material having the cured product in the outermost layer.

Preferred examples of the optical material include: optical materials related to displays, for example, displays such as a cathode ray tube (CRT; for example, TV, personal computer monitor), a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, an inorganic thin-film EL dot matrix display, a rear projection display, a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), a field emission display (FED; Field Emission Display), or a protective plate for those displays, or those obtained by applying an antireflection coating treatment to the surface thereof, and a wide variety of other optical materials.

The article having the surface treatment composition obtained according to the present disclosure is not limited to, but may be an optical member. Examples of the optical member include: lenses for eyeglasses; front protective plates for displays such as PDPs and LCDs, antireflection plates, polarizing plates, anti-glare plates; touch panel sheets for devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants; disc surfaces of optical discs such as Blu-ray (registered trademark) discs, DVD discs, CD-R, and MO; and optical fibers.

In one embodiment, the article having the surface treatment composition obtained by the present disclosure may be, for example, a housing portion of electronic devices or office devices, for example, portable electronic devices (portable information terminals such as mobile phones, smartphones, and tablet terminals; electronic dictionaries, portable music recorders, voice recorders and players), watches, and charging stands (for example, a charging stand of the portable devices). Specifically, a layer of the PFPE-containing silane compound is formed on the exterior portion (preferably the outermost layer) of the housing of these devices.

The article having the surface-treating layer obtained according to the present disclosure may be also a medical equipment or a medical material.

The thickness of the surface treatment composition layer is not limited. In the case of an optical member, the thickness of the layer is in the range of 1 to 50 nm, more preferably 1 to 30 nm, and particularly preferably 1 to 15 nm, from the viewpoint of slip suppression effect, optical performance, good UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, high friction durability, heat resistance, and moisture-proof property.

In another embodiment, the coating of the surface-treating layer obtained by the present disclosure may be formed on the surface of the layer after separately forming a layer on the surface of the base material.

In another embodiment, the article of the present disclosure has a contact angle of water on a surface thereof of 100 degrees or more, and the ratio of the contact angle of water on the surface after irradiation with ultraviolet rays of 310 nm at an illumination of 0.63 W/m² for 96 hours to the contact angle of water is preferably 83% or more. The method of measuring the contact angle of water is as described above.

In the embodiment, more preferably, the article of the present disclosure has a contact angle of water of 110 degrees or more.

In the embodiment, more preferably, the article of the present disclosure has a dynamic friction coefficient on the surface thereof in the range of 0.1 to 0.5, and still more preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.35. The method of measuring the dynamic friction coefficient is as described above.

In the embodiment, the article of the present disclosure preferably has a contact angle of n-hexadecane on the surface thereof of 50 degrees or more. The method of measuring the contact angle of n-hexadecane is as described above.

In the embodiment, the article of the present disclosure can have good UV durability, water-repellency, oil-repellency, antifouling property (for example, preventing adhesion of fouling such as fingerprints), chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, an effect of suppressing lubricity, high friction durability, heat resistance, and moisture-proof property.

Hereinbefore, the article obtained using the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure has been described in detail. It is noted that the application, method of using, method of producing an article, and the like of the surface treatment composition of the present disclosure are not limited to those exemplified above.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be described in more detail through the following Examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

Synthesis Example 1

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 32 g of perfluoropolyether modified carboxylic acid represented by the average compositional formula CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₂CF(CF₃) COOH, 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 0.13 g of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 2.17 g of thionyl chloride were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure, and then charged to 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1.35 g of triethylamine, and 1.73 g of NH₂CH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen gas flow at room temperature for 6 hours. Subsequently, 30 g of perfluorohexane, 10 g of acetone, and 20 g of 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid were added and stirred for 30 minutes, and thereafter the perfluorohexane phase was separated using a separating funnel. Thereafter, the separated perfluorohexane phase was filtered, and then the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 29.6 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (A) of the following formula having an allyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Allyl Compound (A):

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₂CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃

Synthesis Example 2

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 29 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (A) having an allyl group at the end synthesized in Synthesis Example 1, 35 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, and 6.7 g of trichlorosilane were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, 0.3 m1 of a xylene solution containing 2% of a Pt complex of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane was added, and then the temperature was raised to 60° C. and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure. Subsequently, 30 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene was added and stirred at 55° C. for 10 minutes, and then a mixed solution of 0.73 g of methanol and 16.8 g of trimethyl orthoformate was added and stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 30.1 g of the following perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound (B) having a trimethylsilyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Silane Compound (B)

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₂CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C[CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Synthesis Example 3

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 32 g of perfluoropolyether modified carboxylic acid represented by the average compositional formula CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂8CF(CF₃)COOH, 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 0.10 g of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 1.69 g of thionyl chloride were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure, 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1.05 g of triethylamine, and 1.36 g of NH₂CH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃ were charged, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen gas flow at room temperature for 6 hours. Subsequently, 30 g of perfluorohexane, 10 g of acetone, and 20 g of 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid were added and stirred for 30 minutes, and thereafter the perfluorohexane phase was separated using a separating funnel. Thereafter, the separated perfluorohexane phase was filtered, and then the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 29.2 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (C) of the following formula having an allyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Allyl Compound (C):

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₈CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃

Synthesis Example 4

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 29 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (C) having an allyl group at the end synthesized in Synthesis Example 3, 35 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, and 5.2 g of trichlorosilane were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, 0.23 m1 of a xylene solution containing 2% of a Pt complex of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane was added, and then the temperature was raised to 60° C. and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure. Subsequently, 30 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene was added and stirred at 55° C. for 10 minutes, and then a mixed solution of 0.57 g of methanol and 13.1 g of trimethyl orthoformate was added and stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 29.6 g of the following perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound (D) having a trimethylsilyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Silane Compound (D)

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₈CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C[CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Synthesis Example 5

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 32 g of perfluoropolyether modified carboxylic acid represented by the average compositional formula CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]n1CF(CF₃)COOH, 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 0.23 g of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 3.81 g of thionyl chloride were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure, 16 g of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 2.43 g of triethylamine, and 3.04 g of NH₂CH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃ were charged, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen gas flow at room temperature for 6 hours. Subsequently, 30 g of perfluorohexane, 10 g of acetone, and 20 g of 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid were added and stirred for 30 minutes, and thereafter the perfluorohexane phase was separated using a separating funnel. Thereafter, the separated perfluorohexane phase was filtered, and then the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 29.4 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (E) of the following formula having an allyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Allyl Compound (E):

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂C(CH₂CH═CH₂)₃

Synthesis Example 6

To a four necked flask of 200 mL equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 29 g of the perfluoropolyether group-containing allyl compound (E) synthesized in Synthesis Example 5, 29.0 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, and 11.8 g of trichlorosilane were charged, and the mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas flow. Subsequently, 0.8 m1 of a xylene solution containing 2% of a Pt complex of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane was added, and then the temperature was raised to 60° C. and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure. Subsequently, 29.0 m1 of 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene was added and stirred at 55° C. for 10 minutes, and then a mixed solution of 1.30 g of methanol and 29.2 g of trimethyl orthoformate was added and stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the volatile content was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 30.0 g of the following perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound (F) having a trimethylsilyl group at the end.

Perfluoropolyether Group-Containing Silane Compound (F)

CF₃CF₂CF₂O [CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₁₁CF(CF₃) CONHCH₂C [CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Example 1

The compound (B) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE7200 manufactured by 3M Co., Ltd.) to a concentration of 20 wt % to prepare a surface-treating agent.

Example 2

A surface-treating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (D) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was used instead of the compound (B).

Example 3

A surface-treating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (F) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was used instead of the compound (B).

Example 4

A surface-treating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (G) was used instead of the compound (B).

-   -   Compound (G)

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₂CF(CF₃)CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si[CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Example 5

A surface-treating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (H) was used instead of the compound (B).

-   -   Compound (H)

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₂CF(CF₃)C[OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃][C H₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₂

Comparative Examples 1 to 3

Surface-treating agents were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the control compounds 1 to 3 were used instead of the compound (B).

Control Compound 1

CF₃CF₂CF₂O(CF₂CF₂CF₂O)₃OCF₂CF₂CONHCH₂C[CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Control Compound 2

CF₃O CF₂CF₂O)₂₂(CF₂O)₂₃CF₂CONHCH₂C[CH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃]₃

Control Compound 3

CF₃CF₂CF₂O[CF(CF₃)CF₂O]₂₈CF(CF₃)CONHCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃

<Evaluation>

The surface-treating agents prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were vacuum-deposited on chemically strengthened glass (“Gorilla” glass manufactured by Corning, thickness 0.7 mm). The processing condition for the vacuum deposition was a pressure of 3.0×10⁻³ Pa, a 5 nm silicon dioxide layer was formed on the surface of the chemically strengthened glass, and then 4 mg of a surface-treating agent (i.e., it contains 0.8 mg of any of compound (B), compound (D), or control compounds 1 to 3) was deposited per sheet of the chemically strengthened glass (55 mm×100 mm). Next, the chemically strengthened glass with a deposition coating was allowed to stand for 30 minutes in an atmosphere at a temperature of 150° C. and then allowed to cool to room temperature to form a surface-treating layer.

(UV Resistance Evaluation)

With respect to the surface-treating layer formed above, the static contact angles of water before and after UV irradiation were measured. UV irradiation was performed using a UVB-313 lamp (manufactured by Q-Lab Corporation, 0.63 W/m² irradiance at 310 nm), with the black panel temperature of the base material being 63° C. and the distance between the lamp and the surface-treating layer being 5 cm. The static contact angle of water was measured for 2 μL of water by using a contact angle measurement apparatus (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).

Firstly, as an initial evaluation, the static contact angle of water was measured after the surface-treating layer was formed and before UV irradiation (UV irradiation time of 0 hours). Thereafter, the static contact angle of water was measured for each surface-treating layer after UV irradiation for a predetermined time. The evaluation was performed up to a cumulative irradiation time of 96 hours. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the ratio of the contact angle value after the cumulative UV irradiation time of 96 hours to the contact angle value after the UV irradiation time of 0 hours (value of contact angle after 96 hours of cumulative UV irradiation time/value of contact angle after 0 hours of UV irradiation time).

TABLE 1 Cumulative UV irradiation time (hours) 0 24 48 72 96 Example 1 Contact angle 115 115 112 110 98 (degrees) Example 2 Contact angle 115 115 113 111 100 (degrees) Example 3 Contact angle 114 114 111 108 95 (degrees) Example 4 Contact angle 114 114 111 107 93 (degrees) Example 5 Contact angle 114 114 111 107 94 (degrees) Comparative Contact angle 114 114 111 105 86 Example 1 (degrees) Comparative Contact angle 114 114 98 83 70 Example 2 (degrees) Comparative Contact angle 114 114 111 107 92 Example 3 (degrees)

TABLE 2 Cumulative UV irradiation time (hours) 0 24 48 72 96 Example 1 Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 95.7 85.2 (%) Example 2 Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 98.3 96.5 87.0 (%) Example 3 Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 94.7 83.3 (%) Example 4 Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 93.9 81.6 (%) Example 5 Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 93.9 82.4 (%) Comparative Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 92.1 75.4 Example 1 (%) Comparative Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 86.0 72.8 61.4 Example 2 (%) Comparative Ratio of contact angle 100.0 100.0 97.4 93.9 80.7 Example 3 (%)

(Measurement of Static Contact Angle of n-Hexadecane)

With respect to the surface-treating layers formed above, the static contact angle of n-hexadecane was measured. The static contact angle of n-hexadecane was measured for 2 μL of n-hexadecane by using a contact angle measurement apparatus (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 3 Contact angle of n-hexadecane (degrees) Example 1 70 Example 2 70 Example 3 70 Example 4 68 Example 5 66

Surface Lubricity Evaluation (Measurement of Dynamic Friction Coefficient)

The dynamic friction coefficient (−) of the base material having the surface-treating layer on the surface formed above was measured in accordance with ASTM D4917 using paper as a friction block using a surface measuring instrument (manufactured by Labthink Instruments Co. Ltd., FPT-1).

Specifically, the base material having the surface-treating layer was disposed horizontally, paper (2 cm×2 cm) serving as a friction block was brought into contact with the exposed upper surface of the surface-treating layer, and a load of 200 gf was applied thereon. Thereafter, the paper serving as a friction block was moved in parallel at a speed of 200 mm/sec under the load, and the dynamic friction coefficient was measured. The results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 4 Dynamic friction coefficient (−) Example 1 0.26 Example 2 0.23 Example 3 0.28 Example 4 0.24 Example 5 0.23 Comparative 0.07 Example 1 Comparative 0.03 Example 2 Comparative 0.22 Example 3

Evaluation of Friction Durability

The surface-treating layers formed using the surface-treating agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 3 described above were evaluated for friction durability by an eraser friction durability test.

First, as an initial evaluation, the static contact angle of water in the eraser friction durability test was measured (number of frictions: 0).

Thereafter, the base material on which the surface-treating layer was formed was horizontally arranged, and then, an eraser (manufactured by minoan, model number: MB006004, diameter 0.6 cm) was brought into contact with the surface of the surface-treating layer, and a load of 1000 gf was applied thereon. Then, the eraser was reciprocated at a rate of 20 mm/sec while applying the load. The static contact angle (degree) of water was measured every 1000 reciprocations. The results are shown in the table below. In the table, “-” indicates that the measurement was not performed.

TABLE 5 Number of frictions (times)  0 1000 2000 3000 Example 1 Contact angle 115  102  84  58 (degrees) Example 2 Contact angle 115  106  95  79 (degrees) Example 3 Contact angle 114  95  78  43 (degrees) Example 4 Contact angle 114  96  80  45 (degrees) Example 5 Contact angle 114  93  77  40 (degrees) Comparative Contact angle 114  88  43 − Example 3 (degrees)

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present disclosure can be suitably used for forming a surface-treating layer on the surface of various base materials, particularly articles (for example, electronic devices) for which UV durability, slip suppression effect, and the like are required. 

1. A fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2)

wherein: PFPE is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by the formula: —(OC₃F₆)_(d)— wherein the repeating unit OC₃F₆ of the formula has a branched structure, and d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less; Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; X¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group; α is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 9; α′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9; R¹¹ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R¹² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X² each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a divalent organic group; R¹³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; R¹⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; n independently represents an integer of 1 to 3 or more for each (—SiR¹³ _(n)R¹⁴ _(3-n)) unit; t is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 2 to 10; in the formulae (A1) and (A2), there are at least two SiR¹³; X³ each independently at each occurrence represents a single bond or a 2 to 10 valent organic group; β is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 9; β′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 9; R^(a) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p)1R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1); Z³ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group; R⁷¹ each independently at each occurrence represents R^(a)′; R^(a)′ is as defined for R^(a); in R^(a), the number of Si atoms which are linearly linked via the Z³ group is up to five; R⁷² each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; R⁷³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; p1 is 0; q1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 3; r1 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 2; in each (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p)1R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)), the sum of p1, q1, and r1 is 3; R^(b) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; R^(c) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; k1 is 3; l1 and m1 are 0; X⁵ is a divalent group represented by the following formula: —(R³¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)—, wherein: R³¹ represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_(s′)— which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, s′ is an integer of 1 to 20, X^(a) represents —(X^(b))_(1′)—, X^(b) each independently at each occurrence represents a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —(OR³⁵)_(n4)—, —S—, an o-, m-, or p-phenylene group, —C(O)O—, —Si(R³³)₂—, —(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—, —CON(R³⁴)—, —O—CON(R³⁴)—, —N(R³⁴)—, and —(CH₂)_(n′)—, R³³ each independently at each occurrence represents a phenyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, R³⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5, m′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 100, n′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 20, l′ is an integer of 1 to 10, p′ is 0 or 1, q′ is 0 or 1, and at least one of p′ and q′ is 1, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with p′ or q′ is arbitrary in the formula; γ and γ′ are 1; R^(d) each independently at each occurrence represents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2); Z⁴ each independently at each occurrence represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group; R⁸¹ each independently at each occurrence represents R^(d′); R^(d′) is as defined for R^(d); in R^(d), the number of C atoms which are linearly linked via the Z⁴ group is up to five; R⁸² each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2); Y each independently at each occurrence represents a divalent organic group; R⁸⁵ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; R⁸⁶ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; n2 independently represents an integer of 1 to 3 for each (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit; R⁸³ each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group; p2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; q2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; r2 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0 to 3; in each (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)), the sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3; R^(e) each independently at each occurrence represents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2); R^(f) each independently at each occurrence represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a lower alkyl group; k2 is 0; l2 is 3; m2 is 0; and in the formulae (C1) and (C2), there are at least two groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵.
 2. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein PFPE is represented by the formula: —(OC₃F₆)_(d)—, the repeating unit OC₃F₆ of the formula is represented by OCF(CF₃)CF₂, and d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less.
 3. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein α, α′, β, and β′ are
 1. 4. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹, X³, and X⁵ are each independently at each occurrence any of —X¹⁰—CON(R³⁴)—X¹¹—, —X¹⁰— (OR³⁵)_(n4)—X¹¹—, or a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, wherein: X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group; R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group; R³⁵ is each independently at each occurrence a C₁₋₆ alkylene group; and n4 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to
 5. 5. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein k1 is 3 and q1 is 2 or
 3. 6. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein l2 is 3 and n2 is 2 or
 3. 7. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the formula (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2).
 8. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the formula (B1).
 9. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the formula (C1) or (C2).
 10. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, which is represented by the formula (C1).
 11. The fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁸³ and R^(f) are each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.
 12. A surface-treating agent comprising the fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound according to claim
 1. 13. The surface-treating agent according to claim 12, further comprising a solvent.
 14. The surface-treating agent according to claim 12, further comprising: one or more other components selected from a fluorine-containing oil, a silicone oil, an alcohol, a catalyst, a transition metal, a halide ion, and a compound containing an atom with an unshared electron pair in a molecular structure.
 15. The surface-treating agent according to claim 12, which is used as an antifouling coating agent or a waterproof coating agent.
 16. A pellet comprising the surface-treating agent according to claim
 12. 17. An article comprising: a base material; and a layer on a surface of the base material, the layer being formed of the surface-treating agent according to claim
 12. 18. The article according to claim 17 having a contact angle of water on a surface of 100 degrees or more, wherein a ratio of a contact angle of water after irradiation to the contact angle is 83% or more, and the contact angle of water after irradiation is a contact angle on the surface after irradiation with ultraviolet rays of 310 nm at an illumination intensity of 0.63 W/m² for 96 hours.
 19. A compound represented by the formula (c1-3) or (c2-3):

wherein: Rf each independently at each occurrence represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; PFPE is represented by (—OCF(CF₃)CF₂-)_(d); d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less; X¹⁰ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; R³⁴ is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group; X¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group; and Y¹¹ is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group. 